HANA Installation & Configuration QA

  HANA Installation & Configuration

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 Section 1: Introduction to SAP HANA (Q1–Q10)

                                                   

1. What is SAP HANA?
   Ans. SAP HANA is an in-memory database platform optimized for high performance in real-time applications and analytics.
2. What are the key features of SAP HANA?
   Ans. In-memory computing, real-time analytics, columnar storage, data compression, and parallel processing.
3. Which OS is supported for HANA installation?
   Ans. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).
4. What are HANA deployment types?
   Ans. Single-host, multi-host (scale-out), and system replication.
5. What are SAP HANA components?
   Ans. Index Server, Name Server, Statistics Server, Preprocessor, and XS Engine.
6. What is the role of the Index Server?
   Ans. It handles SQL and MDX statements, data persistence, and query processing.
7. What is the default port of SAP HANA Studio?
   Ans. 39015 (for system DB).
8. What is a HANA SID?
   Ans. A three-character system identifier used to uniquely identify a HANA system.
9. Where are HANA logs stored?
   Ans. Typically in /usr/sap/<SID>/HDB<instance number>/<hostname>/trace.
10. How do you check HANA version?
    Ans. Use command: HDB version

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 Section 2: Pre-Installation Tasks (Q11–Q30)

11. What is the required RAM for HANA installation (minimum)?
    At least 128 GB for production, 64 GB for test/dev.
12. What command checks Linux version?
    cat /etc/os-release
13. What is a mandatory update before HANA installation?
    OS patching, latest kernel updates, and glibc.
14. Which tool is used for package management on SLES?
    zypper
15. How do you update repositories in SLES?
    zypper refresh
16. How to install libaio1 using zypper?
    zypper install libaio1
17. What is saptune used for?
    It applies SAP recommended OS settings.
18. How to start saptune daemon?
    systemctl start saptune
19. Which saptune solution is used for HANA?
    saptune solution apply HANA
20. How do you verify all saptune settings?
    saptune note verify
21. Which kernel parameters are mandatory for HANA?
    vm.nr_hugepages, fs.file-max, and net.core settings.
22. What is the role of hugepages in HANA?
    Improves memory management and performance.
23. How do you set hugepages in Linux?
    Update /etc/sysctl.conf and reboot.
24. What is the minimum swap size for HANA?
    Recommended: 2x RAM if <256 GB, else 1x RAM.
25. What command lists available disk space?
    df -h
26. Which partitioning is recommended for /hana?
    Separate partitions for /hana/data, /hana/log, and /hana/shared.
27. What is the default filesystem for HANA volumes?
    XFS or ext4 (XFS preferred).
28. What is the command to check memory usage?
    free -g or top
29. How to check if libstdc++ is installed?
    rpm -qa | grep libstdc++
30. Where to check OS-specific SAP Notes?
    On SAP ONE Support Launchpad.

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 Section 3: HANA Installation (Q31–Q60)

31. What is the HANA installer name?
    hdblcm (HANA Database Lifecycle Manager)
32. What are the two installation modes?
    GUI mode and command-line mode.
33. How do you start hdblcm?
    ./hdblcm
34. How to install silently using configuration file?
    ./hdblcm --configfile=install.cfg
35. What is hdbinst?
    Legacy installer, replaced by hdblcm.
36. Where is the installation log stored?
    /var/tmp and <install_dir>/logs
37. Which user is used for HANA installation?
    root user is required.
38. What is the sapadm user?
    Admin user created for managing SAP Host Agent.
39. What is sidadm user?
    OS-level user created for each SAP system.
40. What directory contains HANA binaries?
    /usr/sap/<SID>/HDB<Instance>/exe
41. What is the default instance number?
    00 (can be 00 to 97)
42. Can HANA be installed without GUI?
    Yes, using CLI with config file.
43. How to check if installation was successful?
    Check return code 0 and system status via HDB info.
44. What if installation fails midway?
    Check logs in /var/tmp and fix the error before retrying.
45. What is a common cause for libaio error?
    Missing libaio1 package.
46. What if glibc version is incompatible?
    Update glibc or use a compatible HANA revision.
47. What is the default HANA system user?
    SYSTEM
48. How to change SYSTEM password post-install?
    Login via HANA Studio → User → Change Password.
49. What is HANA cockpit?
    A web-based tool for administration and monitoring.
50. Is it mandatory to install HANA cockpit?
    No, but recommended for ease of management.
51. How do you start HANA manually?
    HDB start
52. How to stop HANA instance?
    HDB stop
53. What is sapstartsrv?
    SAP start service for process monitoring.
54. What is hdbdaemon?
    Background service to start/stop HANA components.
55. What is the role of nameserver?
    Manages topology and landscape of HANA.
56. What is xsengine used for?
    Embedded web server and application layer.
57. Which file contains instance profile?
    DEFAULT.PFL or INSTANCE_PROFILE
58. What if the index server fails to start?
    Check logs in /usr/sap/<SID>/HDB<inst>/trace/
59. How to configure system replication?
    Use hdbnsutil and hdbreplicate
60. What is log mode in HANA?
    Determines log backup behavior (normal/overwrite).

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 Section 4: Post-Installation & Troubleshooting (Q61–Q80)

61. How do you add a license in HANA?
    HANA Studio → License → Install License.
62. How to check license status?
    SQL: SELECT * FROM SYS.M_LICENSE;
63. What is the log directory for HANA?
    /hana/log/<SID>/
64. How to backup HANA manually?
    BACKUP DATA USING FILE ('backup_name');
65. Where are data backups stored?
    /hana/backup/data/
66. What tool is used for backups?
    HANA Studio or HANA Cockpit.
67. What command shows system status?
    HDB info
68. What if SYSTEM user is locked?
    Use hdbsql as sidadm to unlock.
69. What is SQL for unlocking a user?
    ALTER USER SYSTEM ENABLE;
70. What if HANA is slow post-installation?
    Check CPU, RAM, disk I/O, and logs.
71. What is top used for?
    Monitoring CPU/memory usage.
72. What causes HANA to crash during startup?
    Low memory, corrupted files, misconfiguration.
73. What is default log retention policy?
    Configured in global.ini.
74. How to change log segment size?
    Via global.ini or SQL.
75. How to enable data compression?
    Enabled by default for most table types.
76. What is delta merge?
    Combines delta storage into main storage to optimize performance.
77. How to monitor delta merges?
    M_DELTA_MERGE_STATISTICS view.
78. What is a tenant DB?
    A separate database inside a HANA system.
79. How to list tenant databases?
    HDBSQL or M_DATABASES view.
80. How to restart HANA from OS?
    su - <sidadm> → HDB restart

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 Section 5: Advanced Topics (Q81–Q100)

81. How to configure alerts in HANA?
    Use HANA Cockpit or SQL-based alerts.
82. What is table partitioning?
    Dividing large tables across different storage for performance.
83. How to monitor HANA memory usage?
    Views: M_MEMORY, M_CS_TABLES
84. What is auto-host failover?
    Automatic switch to standby node in failure.
85. What is SDA in HANA?
    Smart Data Access for accessing external databases.
86. How to enable system replication?
    hdbnsutil -sr_enable --name=PRIM
87. What is HANA MDC?
    Multi-tenant Database Container – supports multiple DBs.
88. How to create a new tenant DB?
    SQL: CREATE DATABASE <DB_NAME> SYSTEM USER PASSWORD <PWD>;
89. What is global.ini used for?
    System-wide configuration parameters.
90. How to check services on each node?
    SQL: SELECT * FROM M_SERVICES
91. How to monitor disk usage in HANA?
    M_DISKS and df -h
92. What are HANA alerts?
    Notifications for performance or fault conditions.
93. What is the difference between row and column store?
    Column store is optimized for analytics; row store for OLTP.
94. How to optimize queries in HANA?
    Use PlanViz, proper indexing, avoid full table scans.
95. What is persistent memory in HANA?
    Memory that retains data after power loss – faster recovery.
96. What is hdbsql?
    Command-line SQL client for HANA.
97. How to take a full system backup?
    Using HANA Studio → Backup → Full Data Backup.
98. What if installation stops with signal 11 error?
    Likely kernel/OS issue. Check SAP Note and upgrade kernel.
99. How to remove a failed installation?
    Run ./hdblcm --uninstall
100. What is the best way to get installation logs for SAP support?
     Ans. Collect logs from /var/tmp and use sapcollect tool.
     
     
     
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