Ethernet Cable types - Cat-: 1,2,3,4,5,,5e,6,6a,7,8
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| types of Lan Cables image |
1: Coaxial Cabling
A coaxial cable has an internal conductor that runs down the middle of the cable. The conductor is surrounded by a layer of insulation
which is then surrounded by another carrying conductor shield, which makes this type of cable resistant to external obstruction.
This type of cable comes in two types – thinnet and thicknet. Each type has a maximum transmission speed of 10 Mbps.
Coaxial cables were previously used in computer networks, but are now replaced by twisted pair cables.
Sheath: This is the outer cover of the coaxial cable. It protects the cable from physical damage.
Braided Shield: This shield protects signals from external interference and noise. This shield is made of the same metal used to make the core.
Insulation: Insulation protects the core. It also lays the groundwork for separation from the braided-shield. Since both the base and
the covered shield use the same metal, without this layer, they will come in contact and form a short circuit on the wire.
Conductor: The conductor carries electronic signals. On the basis of conductor coaxial cable can be divided into two types;
single-core coaxial cable and multi-core coaxial cable.
A single-core coaxial cable uses a single central metal (usually copper) conductor,
while a multi-core coaxial cable uses multiple thin strands of metal wires. The following image shows both types of cable.
2: Twisted-pair Cabling
The twisted-room has four pairs of wires. These wires are twisted almost to each other to reduce crosstalk and external interference.
This type of cabling is common in current LANs.
Twisted pair cables can be used for telephone and network cables.
It comes in two versions: UTP (Unshielded Twisted-Pair) and
STP (Shielded Twisted-Pair). The difference between these is that the STP cable has an additional layer of protection to protect the data
from external interference.
Similarities and differences between STP and UTP cables
Both STP and UTP can transmit data over 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, and 10Gbps.
STP cables are more expensive than UTP cables because they contain more material.
Both cables use the same RJ-45 (registered slot) module connector.
STP provides more noise and EMI resistance than UTP cable.
The maximum length of the two cable segments is 100 meters or 328 feet.
The two cables can accommodate a maximum of 1,024 nodes per segment.
The following image shows both types of twisted-pair cable.
3: Fiber-optic Cabling
This type of cable uses optical fibers to transmit data in the form of a light signal. The cables have fiberglass strands surrounded by cladding material.
The core is wrapped in cladding; The cladding is wrapped in a buffer, and the buffer is wrapped in a jacket.
The key is to transmit information signals in the form of light.
The cladding reflects light back into the core.
The buffer prevents light from leaking.
This jacket protects the cable from physical damage.
Fiber optic cables are fully immune to EMI and RFI. This cable can transmit data over long distances at maximum speed. It can transmit 40 km of data at 100Gbps.
Fiber optic cables use light to transmit data. It reflects light from one point to another. There are two types of fiber optic cables based on how much light
they transmit at a given time; SMF to MMF.
This type of cable can support longer cable lengths than other cable types (a few miles). The cable has no electromagnetic interference. As you can see,
this cable method has many advantages over other methods, but its main disadvantage is that it is more expensive.
There are two types of fiber-optic cables:
Single-mode fiber (SMF) – uses only one light beam to transmit information. Used for longer distances.
Multi-mode fiber (MMF) – uses multiple light beams to transmit data. Less expensive than SMF.
Four types of connectors are commonly used:
ST (Straight-tip connector)
SC (Subscriber Connector)
FC (Fiber Channel)
LC (Lucent Connector)
Categories of Ethernet Cables
Cat-1: It is not recognized by TIA/EIA. This is the form of wiring used for standard telephone (POTS) wiring, or ISDN.
Cat-2: It is not recognized by TIA/EIA. This was the form of wiring used for the 4Mbit/s Token Ring network.
Cat-3: This cable is defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. It is used for data networks employing frequencies up to 16 MHz. It was popular for use with 10 Mbps Ethernet networks (100Base-T), but has now been superseded by Cat-5 cable.
Cat-4: This cable is not recognized by TIA/EIA. Although it can be used for networks with a frequency of up to 20 MHz. It was often used on 16Mbps Token Ring networks.
Cat-5: It is not recognized by TIA/EIA. It is the network cable that is widely used for 100Base-T and 1000Base-T networks because it allows 100 Mbps and slightly higher (125 MHz for 1000Base-T) performance over Ethernet. provides. Cat 5 cable superseded the Cat 3 version and for many years it became the standard for Ethernet cabling. Cat 5 cable is now obsolete and is therefore not recommended for new installations.
Cat 5 cable uses twisted pairs to prevent internal crosstalk, XT and crosstalk to external wires, AXT.
Although not standardized, Cat 5 cable normally uses 1.5 - 2 twists per centimeter.
Cat-5e: This form of cable is recognized by TIA/EIA and is defined in TIA/EIA-568, which was last revised in 2001. It has a slightly higher frequency specification that extends up to 125 as Cat-5 cable performance. mbps
Cat-5e can be used for 100Base-T and 1000Base-t (Gigabit Ethernet). The Cat 5e standard has been extended to Cat 5 and is a form of Cat 5 cable manufactured to higher specifications, although physically identical to Cat 5. It is tested to a high specification to ensure that it can perform at high data speeds. The twisted pairs within network cables have the same level of twist as Cat 5 cables.
Cat-5e: This cable type is recognized by TIA/EIA and is defined in TIA/EIA-568 and was updated in 2001. It has a slightly higher frequency specification, as it boosts the performance of Cat-5 cable to 125 Mbps.
Cat-5e can be used for 100Base-T and 1000Base-t (Gigabit Ethernet). The Cat 5e standard has been extended to Cat 5 and is a form of Cat 5 cable manufactured to higher specifications, although physically identical to Cat 5. It is tested to a high specification to ensure that it can perform at high data speeds. The twisted pairs within network cables have the same level of twist as Cat 5 cables.
Cat-5e can be used with 100Base-T and 1000Base-t (Gigabit Ethernet). An improved Cat 5e standard, it is a form of Cat 5 cable that is manufactured at higher performance than Cat 5, and is tested to higher specifications to make it more capable of transmitting data.
Cat-6: This cable is defined in TIA/EIA-568-B, which greatly improves the performance of Cat-6. During production, Cat 6 cables adhere more tightly than Cat 5 or Cat 5e, and they have an outer foil or braided shield. Shield protection protects the twisted pair wires inside the Ethernet cable and helps prevent corrosion and noise interference. Cat-6 cables can technically support speeds of up to 10 Gbps, but only up to 55 meters.
Cat-6a: The "A" in Cat 6a stands for "Enhanced" and the standard was revised in 2008. Cat 6a cables are able to support twice the maximum bandwidth and maintain high transmission speeds over long network cable lengths. Cat 6a cables are completely protected, so it is possible to eliminate repellent paths. However, this makes them less flexible than Cat 6 cables.
Cat-7: This is an unofficial number for ISO/IEC 11801 Class F cabling. It consists of four separate shielded pairs inside a composite shield. It is intended for applications where transmission of frequencies up to 600 Mbps is required.
Cat-8: These cables are still under development, but will improve in speed and overall performance in the near future.
Ethernet cable connectors
The RJ45, Registered Jack 45 connector is used almost universally as the physical connector used on Ethernet cables,
and with networking cables in general. From Ethernet Category 3 right through to Cat 6, the RJ45 is the format that is used.
Cat 7 Ethernet cables can be terminated with RJ45 connectors but specialised versions called GigaGate45 (GG45) are often used. Fortunately
these are backwards compatible with the RJ45 so there is no need to have a completely new installation when migrating to Cat 7.
What is the best Ethernet type?
Although Cat5e and Cat6 are both good choices for gaming over Ethernet connections, Cat6 cables are often the preferred type. This isn't necessarily because of speed, however since 1000Mbps is fine for most gamers. Cat6 cables are better at handling interference than Cat5e cables
Which Ethernet is fastest?
On paper, Ethernet is much faster. Using Cat-5 cable will technically give you 1,000 Mbps, while using Cat-6a cable will technically give you 10 Gbps, but that's not going to be of much use if you're accessing an internet connection that gives you a maximum of 100 Mbps.
Which is better CAT 7 or cat 8 Ethernet cable?
On Cat7 vs Cat8 comparison, transmission frequency and cabling length are also of great importance. Cat7 cable offers the performance of up to 600 MHz while Cat8 cable up to 2000 MHz. The maximum cabling length of Cat7 network cable is 100m with 10 Gbps while Cat8 of 30m with 25 Gbps or 40 Gbps.
Is CAT6A faster than Cat6?
As well as being able to easily support 1 Gbps network speeds, CAT6 can also support higher data rates of 10Gbps. However, 10Gbps is only supported over shorter distances of 37-55 metres. CAT6A is capable of supporting data transfer rates of up to 10Gbps at a maximum bandwidth of 500MHz.
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